Labor rights are critical for ensuring dignity, equity, and social justice in the workplace, yet marginalized communities in India often face systemic barriers to achieving these rights. This paper examines the pivotal role of social work in promoting labor rights among these communities, focusing on their struggles in the informal sector and the intersections of caste, class, and gender dynamics. It highlights how social workers engage in advocacy, empowerment, and policy intervention to address issues such as wage exploitation, unsafe working conditions, and lack of social security. Through an analysis of case studies and policy frameworks, this study underscores the importance of community-based initiatives, capacity building, and multi-stakeholder collaborations. While social workers play an indispensable role in bridging gaps between marginalized workers and their rights, challenges such as resource limitations and socio-political resistance persist. This research offers recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of social work practices, aiming for a more equitable labor landscape in India.