This paper examines the Role of Justice and Equality in Shaping Political Philosophies. Political philosophies provide diverse frameworks for understanding and addressing issues of justice and equality, reflecting different values, historical contexts, and social priorities. Justice, in political thought, often concerns the fair treatment of individuals and the equitable distribution of resources and opportunities. Different philosophies offer distinct interpretations of justice. For example, liberalism emphasizes individual rights and equal opportunities, advocating for a system that protects personal freedoms while addressing social disadvantages through mechanisms such as anti-discrimination laws and social safety nets. Socialism, by contrast, prioritizes economic equality and seeks to rectify systemic disparities through redistributive policies and collective ownership. Equality, another cornerstone of political philosophy, is interpreted in various ways. Liberalism focuses on equality of opportunity, aiming to provide everyone with the same starting conditions. In contrast, socialism emphasizes equality of outcome, striving to reduce significant disparities in wealth and access. Conservatism advocates for equality of opportunity within the context of maintaining social stability and traditional values, while libertarianism upholds procedural equality, emphasizing equal legal rights and personal freedom without enforcing economic or social equality. Additional perspectives, such as feminism, postcolonialism, and ecologism, further enrich the discourse on justice and equality. Feminism challenges gender-based injustices and advocates for gender equality, postcolonialism addresses the legacies of colonialism and seeks global equity, and ecologism focuses on environmental justice and the equitable treatment of nature. Overall, the interplay between justice and equality within political philosophies shapes how societies envision and implement policies, offering varied approaches to achieving fairness and equity in diverse contexts.