This research delves into the significant impact of colonization on cultural identity as portrayed in African literature. It investigates how African writers have navigated the intricate and often painful processes of identity formation and transformation under the pressures of colonial rule and its aftermath. Through a detailed analysis of selected literary works, this study seeks to illuminate the complex ways in which colonization has not only disrupted traditional cultural identities but also fostered the emergence of new, hybrid identities that blend indigenous and foreign elements. The research examines how these writers articulate the tensions between maintaining cultural heritage and adapting to the imposed cultural norms of the colonizers. By exploring themes such as cultural alienation, resistance, and the reclamation of indigenous identities, this study highlights the resilience and creativity of African authors in responding to the challenges posed by colonialism. The paper also discusses the ongoing struggles for cultural autonomy in the post-colonial era, where African literature continues to play a crucial role in preserving and redefining cultural identities. Ultimately, this research aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the enduring legacy of colonization on African societies and the pivotal role of literature in reflecting and shaping the cultural consciousness of the continent.