This paper explores the historical and contemporary role of women in politics, with a focus on India. It examines the evolution of political systems from early leadership figures like the "Mukhia" to modern democratic structures, highlighting the challenges and opportunities for women's political participation. The paper discusses the impact of India’s freedom movements, which significantly contributed to women’s involvement in politics, and how legal reforms, such as reservations and Panchayati Raj, have furthered women’s political engagement. Despite formal equality in political rights, women’s active participation remains limited due to socio-cultural constraints, gender roles, and family responsibilities. The paper also addresses the global context, where women's formal political rights often do not translate into meaningful political power. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of political participation as an indicator of democratic health and the need for continued efforts to overcome barriers to women's full engagement in politics.