Land use and land cover (LULC) dynamics are critical for understanding environmental change and implementing sustainable land management strategies. This study analyses LULC changes in the Sina River Basin, Maharashtra, India, over a 20-year period (2000–2020) using remote sensing data and the Land Change Modeler (LCM). In order to understand the extent and distribution of land use / land cover change, multi temporal satellite imagery from LISS III (23.5 m resolution) was classified using Object-Based Classification techniques based on eCognition Developer software. The LULC classification had six main categories: agricultural land, barren land, fallow land, vegetation cover, built-up areas, and water bodies. The result suggests that the agricultural land increased from 30.77% (2000) to 68.97% (2010) and then decreased to 42.28% (2020), with a significant increase in fallow land. Barren land also fluctuated, decreasing from 37.78% in 2000 to 23.72% in 2010, then rising to 29.14% by 2020. These changes exhibit the agricultural base of the region and changing patterns of land abandonment. It shows that vegetation has been reduced from 11.95% (2000) to the lowest level of 1.28% in 2020 and is concerned about ecological degradation and biodiversity loss. This study emphasised the requirement of sustainable land management that might help to counterbalance the negative impact on diversity due to LULC changes as well as accentuate ecological equilibrium. Future research incorporating socio-economic dimensions could further investigate the underlying mechanisms of those LULC changes in this region.