In the Rabi season of November 2022, a total of twenty distinct Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) germplasm were planted in a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD). The field experiment took place at the Research farm, Genetics and Plant Breeding, AKS University, Sherganj, Satna, Madhya Pradesh during the Rabi season of 2022-23. Data was collected for ten quantitative traits and analyzed for variance, correlation, path coefficient, and genetic diversity analysis. The results of the experiment indicated highly significant differences among treatments for all the characters. A wide range of variation was observed for all the studied characters of brinjal. The characters such as the number of fruits per plant, fruit diameter (cm.), and harvest index (g.) showed a high significant correlation with seed yield per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. On the other hand, the characters like days to 50% flowering, number of primary branches per plant, plant height (cm.), and biological yield per plant (g.) showed a negative but significant correlation with seed yield per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. The characters with the maximum direct effect on seed yield at both genotypic and phenotypic levels were harvest index (g.), biological yield per plant (g.), number of seeds per fruit, and number of primary branches per plant. Fruit length (cm.), days to 50% flowering, and number of fruits per plant had a negative direct effect on seed yield at the genotypic level. Based on the path coefficient analysis, it can be concluded that all the above-mentioned characters are important and should be considered for the selection and improvement of seed yield in brinjal. As per the Mahalanobis D2 analysis, the 20 entries of brinjal was grouped into four different clusters. The highest number of genotypes appeared in cluster 2 which contains 8 genotypes followed by cluster 1 having 7 genotypes, cluster 3 having 4 genotypes, and Cluster 4 were only one genotype. The highest intra-cluster was found in cluster 3 followed by cluster 2 and cluster 1. The maximum contribution percentage of twelve characters of brinjal genotypes towards diversity was observed for biological yield per plant followed by test weight, fruit length, seed yield per plant, fruit diameter, and days to 80% fruit maturity.