The early 20th century in India witnessed significant social reform movements aimed at dismantling the entrenched caste system, with Shahu Maharaja of Kolhapur emerging as a pivotal figure in this transformation. This research explores Shahu Maharaja’s role in caste reform, focusing on his religious thoughts, educational policies, and socio-religious actions. Despite his conservative Hindu upbringing, Shahu Maharaja evolved into a progressive reformer, advocating for an egalitarian society that transcended traditional caste boundaries. His approach to religious reform challenged the rigid Brahminical hegemony, promoting a vision of religious and social equality. This study examines Shahu Maharaja’s rationale for these reforms, his innovative policies including the creation of a Kshatriya high priest, and his strategies to integrate non-Brahmins into the socio-religious fabric of his state. By critically analyzing his contributions, this research highlights Shahu Maharaja’s impact on the trajectory of social equality in early 20th-century India.