Since Independence significant improvement has taken place in the field of education in India as well as in UP in terms of indicators like literacy, enrolments, number of schools, colleges and universities. However, still we do not find the total picture of achievement fully satisfactory. Still major challenges lie ahead in educational sector in the state. In this chapter we have discussed the progress and current status of education in UP with focus of primary education and identified the major issues which need attention in the coming years.