Land acquisition has been a critical issue in many countries, especially in developing economies, where it plays a significant role in the growth and development of infrastructure, industries, and urbanization. However, the process of land acquisition often comes with socio-legal challenges, especially in relation to the displacement of indigenous communities, farmers, and low-income groups. This paper explores the socio-legal implications of land acquisition policies, focusing on the history, evolution, challenges, and legal frameworks governing land acquisition, particularly in India. The study delves into the socio-economic impact on the displaced population, the role of the state and private entities, the legal protections provided to affected parties, and the enforcement of these protections. It also examines key legal cases, the controversies surrounding land acquisition for industrialization, and offers recommendations for a more equitable approach to land acquisition.