The integration of dietary supplements with therapeutic drugs has garnered significant attention due to their potential to enhance pharmacokinetic profiles, leading to improved drug efficacy and safety. This paper explores the mechanisms by which dietary supplements influence the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of various therapeutic agents. By modulating these pharmacokinetic parameters, dietary supplements can alter drug bioavailability, reduce toxicity, and optimize therapeutic outcomes. Key examples include the enhancement of drug solubility and absorption by co-administration with fatty acids or the inhibition of drug-metabolizing enzymes by certain flavonoids, which prolongs the drug's active presence in the bloodstream. However, the interaction between dietary supplements and drugs is complex and may lead to adverse effects or reduced drug efficacy if not properly managed. This review emphasizes the importance of understanding these interactions, particularly in the context of personalized medicine, where individual patient characteristics can significantly influence the outcome. Clinical implications, regulatory considerations, and future research directions are also discussed, highlighting the need for comprehensive studies to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of dietary supplements in combination with therapeutic drugs. This knowledge is crucial for healthcare providers to make informed decisions on supplement-drug combinations, ultimately enhancing patient care and treatment success.