Assam is known for its unique silk varieties like Muga, Eri, and Mulberry silk, which have a high potential for growth and commercialisation. Sericulture, the rearing of silkworms for silk production, is an important agro-based industry in the northeast Indian state of Assam. Assam has a long history and tradition of sericulture, especially the production of the golden yellow Muga Silk that is unique to the state. However, the industry is facing several challenges like low productivity, insufficient infrastructure, lack of quality planting material, inadequate extension services, pest and disease infestation, climate change, insufficient research and development, and limited market linkages. To address these challenges and promote the sustainable growth of the sericulture industry in Assam, a comprehensive and integrated approach is needed, involving the participation of all stakeholders. The government schemes and initiatives have been playing a crucial role, but more targeted interventions are required. The potential areas for growth include expansion of Muga and Eri silk production, diversification of silk products, promotion of silk tourism, strengthening of research and development, and skill development and capacity building. The sericulture industry in Assam has the potential to significantly contribute to the state's economy and employment generation, while preserving its rich cultural heritage. Realizing this potential will require concerted efforts, collaboration, and innovative approaches from all stakeholders to address challenges and seize opportunities for the sustainable development of sericulture in Assam.