This study examines the intricate balance between human rights advocacy and national interests within the sphere of foreign policy. Human rights, universally acknowledged since the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948, remain a foundational element in modern international relations, symbolizing moral commitment and global accountability. However, the practice of integrating human rights into foreign policy often conflicts with pressing national concerns, such as security, economic growth, and strategic alliances, leading to a complex balancing act for policymakers. The ethical commitment to human rights suggests that states should universally champion freedoms, equality, and protection from abuses, regardless of political or economic consequences. Nevertheless, the reality is more nuanced, as states frequently confront situations where a firm stance on human rights might jeopardize vital national interests. For instance, economic ties or security partnerships may deter a country from condemning a trading partner’s human rights record, while selective advocacy raises concerns about consistency and credibility. Moreover, foreign policy measures intended to promote human rights, such as sanctions or diplomatic isolation, can have unintended negative effects, impacting the civilian population more than the ruling elite.