This comprehensive review examines the multifaceted role of dietary fats in health, highlighting their benefits and drawbacks. Dietary fats are essential for various physiological functions, including energy storage, cellular structure, and hormone production. However, their impact on health is complex and depends on the type and quantity consumed. This review synthesizes current research on the benefits of dietary fats, such as their role in supporting cardiovascular health and cognitive function, while also addressing the potential risks associated with excessive intake, including cardiovascular disease and obesity. By analyzing recent studies and trends, this review aims to provide a balanced perspective on dietary fats and offer practical recommendations for optimizing their consumption in a healthy diet.