This study delves into the cost and returns analysis of broiler production in Kanpur District, Uttar Pradesh, for the agricultural year 2023-2024. Utilizing primary data collected through structured schedules and a multi-stage stratified random sampling technique, the investigation focuses on small, medium, and large farm categories, with a total of 30 respondents from two selected blocks. The cost analysis encompasses variable and fixed costs, with variable costs dominating, particularly in feed expenses. Results indicate that the per-cycle cost of broiler production ranges from Rs. 221,504 in small farms to Rs. 653,868 in large farms, with feed costs constituting a significant portion. Output assessment reveals an average production of 56.42 quintals of broiler chicken per cycle, generating an average gross income of Rs. 609,406 across all farm sizes. Measures of farm profitability, including net income, family labor income, and farm business income, demonstrate varying levels across farm sizes. The output-input ratio indicates efficiency improvements with larger farm sizes. This comprehensive analysis offers insights into the economic dynamics of broiler production, informing decision-making processes for sustainable agricultural development in the region.