THE ECONOMIC POLICIES OF AURANGZEB: A CRITICAL REVIEW

Abstract

This study explores the economic policies of Aurangzeb, the sixth Mughal emperor, whose reign from 1658 to 1707 marked a significant shift in the Mughal Empire’s economic landscape. Building on the foundations laid by his predecessors, Aurangzeb implemented a series of policies that aimed to centralize revenue collection and assert Islamic governance. The review highlights the reintroduction of the jizya tax on non-Muslims, which not only alienated large sections of the population but also disrupted trade networks and undermined economic stability. Aurangzeb’s reliance on the Zabt system, which standardized tax collection based on agricultural productivity, often resulted in severe burdens on the peasantry. This rigidity exacerbated agrarian distress and contributed to widespread revolts, particularly from the Marathas. Additionally, his military campaigns drained imperial resources and diverted funds that could have been used for infrastructure and economic development.