Socio-Economic Conditions of Women Domestic Workers in Chennai District

Abstract

Women domestic workers constitute a significant segment of the informal workforce in urban India and play a vital role in supporting household activities and the urban economy. Despite their contribution, they continue to face socio-economic challenges such as low wages, lack of job security, inadequate social protection, poor working conditions, and limited access to welfare schemes. The present study examines the socio-economic conditions of women domestic workers in Chennai District, with specific reference to North Chennai, Central Chennai, and South Chennai. The study is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected from 150 women domestic workers through a structured interview schedule, of which 148 valid responses were considered for analysis. Secondary data were obtained from books, journals, government reports, and published research studies. The study analyzes the demographic profile, educational status, income levels, working conditions, health status, and major problems faced by women domestic workers. Statistical tools such as percentage analysis and chi-square test were employed to interpret the data. The findings reveal that a majority of the respondents belong to economically weaker sections, possess low educational qualifications, and depend on domestic work as their primary source of livelihood. Low wages, long working hours, health-related issues, and lack of social security benefits emerged as the major challenges faced by the respondents. The study also found a significant relationship between working hours and health problems among women domestic workers. The paper concludes with suggestions for improving the socio-economic status of women domestic workers through minimum wage implementation, social security coverage, skill development initiatives, and effective welfare measures. The study highlights the need for greater policy attention to ensure dignity, protection, and improved living standards for women domestic workers in Chennai District.