CHANGING CLIMATE, FOOD SECURITY AND SUSTAINABILITY IN THE WESTERN HIMALAYAN REGION: A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT

Abstract

The Western Himalayan Region (WHR) with gigantic mountains and extraordinary landscapes covering more than 10% of geographical area of the country, sustain diversity of flora and fauna and human population. The region is being under threat by climate change, food insecurity, and insatiable human pursuit of development. This paper examines the complex interplay of these issues, concentrating on the differential impacts of climate change on agricultural systems and nature dependent vulnerable communities inhabiting the region. Rising temperatures, fluctuating rainfall patterns, and accelerated glacial melt pose significant risks to the ecologically and biologically delicate ecosystems, escalating existing pressures on agriculture and food production along with rising population. By analysing of available research literature on the region, this study highlights the cascading consequences on cryosphere dynamics, biodiversity, and availability of water - critical for both rain-fed agriculture and downstream populations. It explores vulnerability of agricultural systems, high-altitude pastoralism and irrigated farming, increased exposure to climate-induced disasters (droughts, flash floods, avalanches) etc., and new types of pests attack and diseases. In-situ with ecological concerns, the research looks into the socio-economic aspects of food insecurity, assessing its impact on livelihoods, food availability, and nutritional well-being, particularly for the marginalized groups. The paper highlights the role of climate smart agricultural practices, diversification strategies, and community-led adaptation measures based on traditional knowledge systems and supported by technology, in enhancing resilience. To promote sustainable livelihoods, the paper recommends for community based land use and water resource management, fostering cooperation, and developing ecosystem services based robust institutional frameworks. It highlights the need for region based targeted interventions that address the WHR’s specific vulnerabilities and secure long-term food security through bridging critical knowledge gaps and support evidence-based policymaking towards building long term sustainability.