“Ultrasound” As An Application Of Physics And It’s Uses In Modern Day Medicine”.

Abstract

Ultrasound is the term used to describe all acoustic energy with a frequency higher than human hearing (20,000 hertz or 20 kilohertz). Standard operating frequencies for diagnostic sonographic scanners vary from 2 to 18 megahertz, which is significantly over the range of human hearing. Higher frequencies can be used to create sonograms with finer details because they have shorter wavelengths. Often referred to as Ultrasonography (USG), diagnostic sonography is an ultrasound-based imaging technique for spotting anomalies or lesions in subcutaneous body parts such as tendons, muscles, joints, arteries, and internal organs. Sonography is a helpful tool to observe what is happening in your body's soft tissues. Radiologists maneuver a hand-held probe called a transducer over and around the patient (sonographers).The ultrasound is coupled between the transducer and the patient using a water-based gelly. (1, 2) . USG was discovered 12 years before the X-ray (1883), but it was only used in medicine much later. Detecting submarines was the first practical application of ultrasonography during World War I. Ultrasound was first used in treatment in the 1950s. It was first used in obstetrics and then in all departments of medicine (general abdominal diagnostics, pelvic diagnostics, cardiology, ophthalmology, orthopedics, and so on) (3). Ultrasound has good vision properties and is a reasonably simple and operator-dependent study from a clinical standpoint (4,5) .Since the introduction of gray-scale signal processing in 1974, B-mode sonography has become a generally accepted approach. Better spatial resolution and imaging of highly minute structures in the abdomen (0.5-1 cm) have resulted from advancements in transducer design (1).