Phyllanthus Niruri IN THE TREATMENT OF UROLITHIASIS: A REVIEW

Abstract

Phyllanthus niruri is a widely distributed herb used globally for treating Urolithiasis. It has demonstrated effects on various stages of stone formation, such as reducing crystal aggregation, modifying their structure and composition, and altering their interaction with tubular cells, which leads to decreased subsequent endocytosis. Clinical benefits include ureteral relaxation, elimination of calculi, and reduced excretion of calcium and other substances that contribute to urine crystallization. Studies in vivo, in vitro, and clinically have not revealed toxic effects on kidneys, heart, brain, or nervous system. While Phyllanthus niruri shows promise in preventing stone formation or aiding in elimination, validation through longer-term randomized clinical trials is necessary to substantiate its medical benefits. Phyllanthus niruri also reduces hyperoxaluria and hyperuricosuria, and inhibits the crystallization of calcium oxalate. Theobromine, found in the herb, has been observed to reduce uric acid crystallization in patients, thereby enhancing the efficacy of shock wave lithotripsy without causing any side effects.