Therapeutic Potential of Natural Antioxidants from Medicinal Plants: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body, is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular ailments, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. In recent years, medicinal plants have garnered significant attention as a rich source of natural antioxidants, owing to their diverse phytochemical constituents, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, tocopherols, carotenoids, and alkaloids. These bioactive compounds play a crucial role in neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby offering protective effects against oxidative cellular damage. This review explores the antioxidant potential of various medicinal plants and highlights the mechanisms by which plant-derived compounds mitigate oxidative stress. Additionally, the limitations of synthetic antioxidants—such as their toxicity and carcinogenic potential—underscore the necessity for safer, natural alternatives. The therapeutic implications of plant-based antioxidants are also discussed, particularly their roles in anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic applications. This comprehensive overview reinforces the relevance of phytochemicals in developing safe, effective and economically viable antioxidant therapies from plant origins.