Arabinogalactan's Neuroprotective Effects in Parkinson’s Disease: An Integrative In Vivo Study

Abstract

Background: Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, resulting in motor impairments such as tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and neuroinflammatory processes are key factors involved in its development. Natural polysaccharides have attracted attention due to their antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Arabinogalactan, a plant-derived polysaccharide, has demonstrated notable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that may help protect against neurodegenerative damage. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of arabinogalactan in an experimental model of Parkinson’s disease. Methods: Parkinsonian features were induced in Wistar rats using rotenone. Animals were treated with arabinogalactan at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg (p.o.), while a standard group received L-Dopa and carbidopa. Behavioral assessments, including tests for motor coordination and catalepsy, were conducted. Biochemical analyses were also performed to evaluate markers of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Results: Treatment with arabinogalactan significantly improved motor performance and decreased cataleptic responses compared with the disease control group. It also reduced lipid peroxidation, enhanced antioxidant defense mechanisms, and suppressed neuroinflammatory activity, thereby contributing to the protection of dopaminergic neurons. Conclusion: The results suggest that arabinogalactan provides significant neuroprotective effects against rotenone-induced Parkinsonism and may serve as a promising natural therapeutic agent for the management of Parkinson’s disease.