Synergistic Modulation of Neuronal Responses in the Cockroach Periplaneta americana by Fenvalerate and Azadirachtin: An Electrophysiological Study

Abstract

Pesticides play a crucial role in modern agriculture by protecting crops from pests and increasing yields. Synthetic pyrethroids such as fenvalerate are widely used as pesticides due to their high efficiency, rapid action, and relatively low mammalian toxicity. However, their persistent usage has raised concerns regarding ecological imbalance, resistance development, and off-target effects. To address these concerns, neem-derived biopesticide azadirachtin, have emerged as viable alternatives due to their biodegradable nature and selective toxicity towards pests.