This study examines the relationships between Harlem, Blues, and Black identity in the writings of Gwendolyn Brooks, Claude McKay, and Langston Hughes. Through an analysis of their prose and poetry, the study shows how each author responds to the historical and cultural significance of Harlem as a representation of Black intellectual and artistic expression. Hughes' profound interest in oral traditions and Blues aesthetics provides a poetic portrayal of Black tenacity and daily hardships. McKay's poetry, which draws from his experiences in Harlem and Jamaica, depicts a nuanced balancing act between racial pride and alienation. The work of Brooks, on the other hand, reflects the changing character of Black identity in the middle of the 20th century with its keen social critique and focus on urban Black life. This study uses a comparative analysis to show how these authors use the blues as a literary device to express themes of self-definition, resistance, and survival while also using Harlem as a site of racial critique and cultural affirmation. In the end, the study emphasizes how their writings advance a more comprehensive comprehension of Black identity formation in American literature.